Automated Pallet Handling from Goods-In to Goods-Out

Published on in Technology
5 minutes reading time

Whether in industrial production, food retail or the automotive industry – pallet handling is a central element of intralogistics. By using modern automation technologies such as autonomous mobile robots, palletizing and mobile robots, stacker cranes and conveyor systems, processes not only become smoother, but also gain efficiency and safety.

Automation for pallet handling support

From goods-in to production and loading, the transport of pallets is an essential part of logistics processes. Conventionally, however, these movements are highly manual and time-consuming. They put strain on qualified workers while making them unavailable for other tasks, and lead to potential errors and safety risks. Meanwhile, manual processes are reaching their limits due to the increasing customization of products, shorter delivery times and the pressure to reduce manufacturing costs. Automated pallet handling provides the opportunity to establish future-oriented processes:

  • Less workload for qualified personnel and compensation of bottlenecks
  • Standardization of processes and increase in productivity
  • Smooth, transparent and flexible goods flows
  • More safety at work and improved ergonomics

A technological quintet for automated pallet handling

Modern pallet handling systems opt for a combination of different automation technologies that can be flexibly adapted to different industry requirements. The full potential of automation can only unfold thanks to the smart interplay of different systems:

1. Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs): Flexible pallet transport without tying up resources

Autonomous mobile robots make it easy for companies to take the first step towards automation. AMRs connect different storage and production areas and supply work stations and production lines just in time. They navigate autonomously through the halls and can be installed without any construction measures. An excellent example of this is the Open Shuttle Fork – an AMR with an integrated electric lifter, 3D obstacle detection and minimum space requirements. The AMR transports pallets, frames, racks and special load carriers weighing up to 1,300 kg (2,866 lb) and can also pick up and deposit them at heights of 0 to 1,200 mm (0 to 47 in).

Automated guided vehicle (AGV) labeled "KNAPP" transports stacked cardboard boxes on pallets in a modern, brightly lit warehouse with industrial equipment and shelving in the background.
16 Open Shuttle Fork robots handle transport jobs of all kinds at Fronius. They form the link between goods-in, the production cells and goods-out. The new solution gives the company the necessary autonomy to flexibly make changes as needed and to manage both manual and automatic transport orders in the same system.

2. Picking robots – clever and fully automatic palletization

Picking robots for pallets are fit to master many challenges in retail and, above all, in the food industry. In these sectors, the challenges for retailers are manifold: the variety of items, packaging types and sizes, different store structures and order quantities, not to mention the physical strain on personnel. Fully automated picking by robots makes it possible to supply stores quickly and efficiently. The innovative picking and palletizing robot RUNPICK (Robotic Universal Picker) was specially developed for the food retail industry, but it can also be used in all other logistics sectors. It picks pallets or roll containers, thus processing the entire product range fully automatically. RUNPICK is a particularly efficient palletizing robot because it can pick and place multiple items in a single movement.

A robotic system lifts a pallet stacked with packaged goods inside an automated warehouse, surrounded by metal beams and safety barriers.
The largest US food retailer The Kroger Co. uses RUNPICK at the Great Lakes Distribution Center in Delaware, Ohio.

3. Palletizing robots – stack efficiently, provide relief, speed up processes

Manual depalletizing of heavy containers in the goods-in area often means considerable physical strain for employees. Automation solutions can make processes more efficient and more ergonomic. Robots depalletize mixed or unmixed pallets and prepare items to be put away in the storage system. Cartons and standard containers can also be processed simultaneously. In addition, automated systems in the goods-out area contribute to the efficient assembly and stabilization of shipping pallets.

A robotic arm arranges cardboard boxes on wooden pallets in an automated warehouse, surrounded by stacks of neatly packed boxes and metal conveyor rollers.
Two shipping robots efficiently palletize containers and cartons at Würth in Böheimkirchen, Austria. Each robot can process eight shipping pallets simultaneously and stacks them space-effectively in the correct sequence. Up to 7,000 packages per hour are made available on shipping pallets which then go out to customers all across Austria.

4. Pallet stacker cranes – automated storage and retrieval in high-bay racking

Stacker cranes enable fast, precise and safe storage and retrieval of pallets. They significantly increase efficiency and storage capacity as they work around the clock and make optimum use of the available space. Modern stacker cranes are often equipped with sensors, control systems and interfaces to warehouse management software, allowing seamless integration into existing logistics processes. With the Evo Crane, pallets weighing up to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) can be stored and retrieved at heights of up to 30 meters (98 ft) – making optimum use of available storage space.

A view down the center of an automated warehouse aisle, showing tall shelves filled with stacked boxes and a robotic crane system that moves items between the shelves.
MW Treichl in Wörgl, Austria, a company specializing in transloading goods from trains to trucks, uses a stacker crane with lightweight construction to serve up to 8,000 storage locations while reducing their energy consumption and maintenance expenses.

5. Pallet conveyor system – backbone of the automated material flow

Conveyor systems connect production lines with storage or shipping areas and automatically transport, buffer and position pallets. Driven roller conveyors, chain conveyors, lift tables or turntables are adapted individually to the customer’s material flow. Pallet conveyor systems ensure a constant flow of goods and can also be optimally combined with AMRs, storage systems or robots. Powerline is a pallet conveyor system that features extraordinary efficiency and maximum availability. It is made up of modular building blocks and can be rapidly put into operation.

A modern warehouse interior with automated conveyor belts carrying pallets wrapped in plastic. Tall storage racks and metal beams are visible, with some pallets appearing blurred due to motion.
At food retailer SPAR’s logistics center in Graz, Austria, the pallet conveyor system Powerline connects the high-bay racking system and the picking stations, conveying around 100 pallets per hour.

Combination in pallet handling does the trick

Automated pallet handling is a strategic lever for efficiency, safety and competitiveness. Companies that opt for the cross-linked interplay of AMRs, robotics, conveyor systems and warehouse automation achieve a clear advantage in dynamic markets. Automation does not necessarily have to happen in one go. If you think modular at an early stage and plan flexibly while including your personnel in the process, you’ll benefit on every single step of this automation journey.